Abahanga barimo gushakisha ibicu kugirango bakize Inyanja Nini

Habaye icyi cyinshi muri Ositaraliya kandi amakorali kuri Great Barrier Reef yerekana ibimenyetso byambere byo guhangayika. Abayobozi bayobora sisitemu nini nini ya korali nini ku isi bateganya ikindi gikorwa cyo guhumanya mubyumweru biri imbere - biramutse bibaye, bizaba bibaye kunshuro ya gatandatu kuva 1998 ko ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe bwamazi bwahanaguye igice kinini cya korali ituye ibiremwa bitabarika byo mu nyanja.inyamanswa.Ibintu bitatu muribi bintu byangiza bituma amakorali ashobora kwandura indwara nurupfu byabaye mumyaka itandatu ishize yonyine.Iyo amakorali yiboneye bikabije kandi kumara igihe kinini ubushyuhe, birukana algae iba mumyanya yabo hanyuma igahinduka umweru rwose.Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kumoko ibihumbi y amafi, igikona nandi moko yo mu nyanja yishingikiriza ku nyanja ya korali kugirango abone aho aba ndetse no kurya.Kugabanya umuvuduko wa korali. guhumanya biterwa n'ubushyuhe bwo mu nyanja, abahanga bamwe bareba ikirere kugirango babone igisubizo. By'umwihariko, bareba igicu.
Ibicu bizana ibirenze imvura cyangwa shelegi.Mu munsi, ibicu bikora nka parasole nini, bikagaragaza urumuri rwizuba ruva kwisi rusubira mu kirere.Ibicu bya stratocumulus ni ingenzi cyane: biherereye ku butumburuke buke, mubyimbye kandi bitwikiriye nka 20 ijanisha ryinyanja yubushyuhe, gukonjesha amazi hepfo.Niyo mpamvu abahanga barimo gushakisha niba imiterere yumubiri yabo ishobora guhinduka kugirango izuba ryinshi ryizuba.Ku nyanja nini ya Barrière, hifujwe ko ubutabazi bukenewe cyane buzahabwa ubukoroni bwa korali hagati kwiyongera cyane ubushyuhe.Ariko hariho n'imishinga igamije gukonja kwisi yose itavugwaho rumwe.
Igitekerezo cyihishe inyuma yigitekerezo kiroroshye: kurasa aerosole nyinshi mubicu hejuru yinyanja kugirango byongere imbaraga zabo. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bamaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo bazi ko uduce twinshi mumihanda yanduye yasizwe nubwato, busa cyane n'inzira ziri inyuma yindege, bushobora kumurika ibihari ibicu. Ibyo ni ukubera ko ibyo bice bitera imbuto kubitonyanga;byinshi kandi bito bitonyanga igicu, cyera kandi cyiza ubushobozi bwigicu cyo kwerekana urumuri rwizuba mbere yuko gikubita kandi gishyushya Isi.
Birumvikana ko kurasa aerosole y’ibyuka bihumanya mu bicu ntabwo ari ikoranabuhanga ryiza ryo gukemura ikibazo cy’ubushyuhe bw’isi. Nyakwigendera umuhanga mu bya fiziki w’Ubwongereza John Latham yari yasabye mu 1990 gukoresha kristu y’umunyu iva mu mazi yo mu nyanja aho kuba. Inyanja ni myinshi, yoroheje, na cyane cyane ubuntu. Mugenzi we Stephen Salter, umwarimu wigisha ibijyanye n’ubuhanga n’ibishushanyo muri kaminuza ya Edinburgh, yahise atanga igitekerezo cyo kohereza amato y’amato agera ku 1.500 agenzurwa na kure azajya mu nyanja, yonsa amazi kandi atera ibicu byiza mu bicu kugira ngo ibicu bibe. urumuri.Nkuko ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bikomeje kwiyongera, ni nako abantu bashishikajwe n’icyifuzo kidasanzwe cya Latham na Salter. Kuva mu 2006, aba bombi bagiye bakorana n’inzobere zigera kuri 20 zo muri kaminuza ya Washington, PARC n’ibindi bigo mu rwego rw’umushinga wo mu nyanja ya Cloud .
Ibicu bigaragara ko bikunze kugaragara cyane ku nkombe z’iburengerazuba bwa Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo ndetse no muri Afurika yo hagati no mu majyepfo, nk'uko byatangajwe na Sarah Doherty, umuhanga mu by'ikirere muri kaminuza ya Washington i Seattle uyobora MCBP kuva mu mwaka wa 2018. Ibitonyanga by'amazi bikora bisanzwe ku nyanja iyo ubushuhe bwegeranije hafi yumunyu wumunyu, ariko ukongeramo umunyu muke birashobora kongera imbaraga zigaragaza ibicu.Gukingura igicu kinini hejuru yibi bice bikwiye 5% bishobora gukonjesha isi yose, Doherty ati. Byibuze nibyo nibyo kwigana mudasobwa birerekana. "Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu bijyanye no kohereza imyunyu y’inyanja mu bicu ku gipimo gito cyane bizafasha kurushaho gusobanukirwa neza imikorere y’umubiri ishobora kuganisha ku buryo bwiza." byari biteganijwe ko bizatangira mu 2016 ahitwa hafi ya Monterey Bay, muri Californiya, ariko byatinze kubera kubura amafaranga ndetse no kurwanya rubanda kurwanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije.
Doherty yagize ati: "Ntabwo turi kugerageza mu buryo butaziguye ibicu byo mu nyanja kugira ngo bigabanye ikirere icyo ari cyo cyose kigira ingaruka ku kirere." Icyakora, abanenga, harimo amatsinda y’ibidukikije ndetse n’imiryango iharanira ubuvugizi nka Carnegie Climate Governance Initiative, bafite impungenge ko n’ubushakashatsi buto bushobora kugira ingaruka ku isi tutabishaka. ikirere bitewe na kamere yacyo igoye. ”Igitekerezo cy'uko ushobora kubikora ku rwego rw'akarere no ku rugero ruto cyane ni nko kwibeshya, kubera ko ikirere n'inyanja byatumizaga ubushyuhe ahandi.” Ray Pierre Humbert, umwarimu wa kaminuza physics muri kaminuza ya Oxford.Hariho kandi ibibazo bya tekiniki.Gutezimbere sprayer ishobora kumurika neza ibicu ntabwo ari umurimo woroshye, kuko amazi yinyanja akunda gufunga uko umunyu wiyongera. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, MCBP yitabaje Armand Neukermans, the uwahimbye icapiro ryumwimerere rya inkjet, wakoraga muri Hewlett-Packard na Xerox kugeza mu kiruhuko cyizabukuru. Hamwe n’amafaranga yatanzwe na Bill Gates hamwe n’abandi bahoze mu nganda z’ikoranabuhanga, Neukmans ubu arimo gutegura amajwi ashobora guturika ibitonyanga by’amazi yumunyu ufite ubunini bukwiye (metero 120 kugeza 400) diameter) mu kirere.
Mu gihe itsinda rya MCBP ryitegura kwipimisha hanze, itsinda ry’abahanga bo muri Ositaraliya ryahinduye prototype ya mbere ya nozzle ya MCBP kandi barayipimisha hejuru ya Great Barrier Reef.Australiya yahuye n’ubushyuhe bwa 1.4 ° C kuva mu 1910, irenga ikigereranyo cy’isi ku isi 1,1 °. C, hamwe n’inyanja nini yatakaje kimwe cya kabiri cya korali zayo kubera ubushyuhe bw’inyanja.
Kumurika ibicu birashobora gutanga infashanyo kubutayu hamwe nabayituye. Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, Daniel Harrison hamwe nitsinda rye bashyizeho ubwato bwubushakashatsi hamwe na turbine zo kuvoma amazi mumyanyanja. Bisa na top ya shelegi, turbine ikuramo amazi kandi iturika trillioni yibitonyanga bito mu kirere binyuze mu majwi yayo 320. Ibitonyanga byumye mu kirere, bigasigara inyuma yumunyu wumunyu, mubyukuri bivanga nigicu cyo hasi cya stratocumulus.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe nitsinda ryakozwe muri Werurwe 2020 na 2021 - mugihe amakorali afite ibyago byinshi byo guhumeka mu mpera zimpeshyi ya Ositaraliya - yari nto cyane kuburyo yahindura igicu cyinshi. Kugeza ubu, Harrison yatunguwe numuvuduko hamwe nu umwotsi wumunyu watembye mwijuru.Ikipe ye yatwaye drone zifite ibikoresho bya lidar bigera kuri metero 500 z'uburebure kugirango berekane icyerekezo cya plume.Uyu mwaka, indege izakora metero nkeya zisigaye kugirango isuzume uko byifashe mubicu birenga metero 500.
Iri tsinda kandi rizakoresha icyitegererezo cy’ikirere ku bwato bwa kabiri bw’ubushakashatsi hamwe n’ibihe by’ikirere ku nyanja ya korali no ku nkombe kugira ngo bige uburyo ibicu n’ibicu bisanzwe bivanga kugira ngo bitezimbere imiterere yabyo. ”Noneho dushobora gutangira kureba uburyo ibicu bimurika, biramutse bikozwe ku rugero runini , bishobora kugira ingaruka ku nyanja mu buryo bwifuzwa kandi butunguranye ”, Harrison.
Ukurikije icyitegererezo cyakozwe nitsinda rya Harrison, kugabanya urumuri hejuru yinyanja hafi 6% byagabanya ubushyuhe bwikibuye kiri hejuru yikigega cyo hagati cy’inyanja nini ihwanye na 0,6 ° C.Kwagura ikoranabuhanga kugirango ripfundikire bose Harrison yavuze ko ref-Great Barrier Reef igizwe n’inyanja zirenga 2.900 zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 2,300 hakurya-bizaba ikibazo cy’ibikoresho, nk'uko Harrison yabivuze, kuko bizasaba ko sitasiyo zigera kuri 800 zikora amezi menshi mbere y’umuraba mwinshi uteganijwe. ni nini cyane kuburyo ishobora kugaragara mu kirere, ariko ikubiyemo 0.07% gusa yubuso bwisi.Harrison yemeye ko hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa nubu buryo bushya bugomba kumvikana neza. Kumurika ibicu, bishobora guhungabanya ibicu cyangwa guhindura ibibanza ibihe by'imvura n'imvura, nabyo bihangayikishijwe cyane no kubiba ibicu.Ni tekinike ikubiyemo indege cyangwa drone yongeramo amashanyarazi cyangwa imiti nka iyode ya silver mu bicu kugirango itange imvura.Ubumwe bw’Abarabu n’Ubushinwa byagerageje gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu guhangana n’ubushyuhe cyangwa ihumana ry’ikirere.Ariko ingamba nkizo ntizivugwaho rumwe - benshi babona ko ari mbi cyane. Gutera ibicu no kumurika biri mubyo bita "geoengineering". Abakenguzamateka bavuga ko bishobora guteza akaga cyangwa kurangaza kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Mu mwaka wa 2015, umuhanga mu bya fiziki Pierrehumbert yanditse igitabo cy’inama y’igihugu y’ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, aburira ibibazo bya politiki n’imiyoborere.Ariko raporo nshya yaturutse muri iryo shuri yashyizwe ahagaragara muri Werurwe 2021, yafashe icyemezo cyo gushyigikira ibijyanye na geoengineering maze isaba leta ya Amerika gushora miliyoni 200 z'amadolari mu bushakashatsi.Pierrehumbert yishimiye ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ibicu byo mu nyanja ariko asanga ibibazo bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo gutera byatewe mu rwego rw'umushinga ukomeje gukorwa. Ikoranabuhanga rishobora kuva mu ntoki. " kugenzura, ntabwo ari bo bafata ibyemezo. ”Guverinoma ya Ositaraliya yanenze cyane kuba itagize uruhare mu guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ikirere no gushingira ku gutanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku makara, ibona ibicu byo mu nyanja bigenda byiyongera. Muri Mata 2020, yatangije gahunda ya miliyoni 300 z’amadorali yo kugarura inyanja nini muri Mata 2020 - iyi nkunga yateye inkunga ubushakashatsi, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga no kugerageza ibikorwa birenga 30, harimo no kumurika ibicu byo mu nyanja .Nubwo ingamba nini z’ishoramari nka Yun Zengliang zikomeje kutavugwaho rumwe. Amatsinda y’ibidukikije avuga ko ibyo bishobora guteza ingaruka ku bidukikije kandi bikarangaza imbaraga zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Ariko nubwo ibicu bimurika bigaragaye ko ari byiza, Harrison ntatekereza ko kizaba igisubizo kirambye cyo gukiza inyanja nini. ”Ati:" Ibicu bimurika bishobora kuzana ubukonje buke gusa ", kandi hamwe n’ikibazo cy’ikirere gishobora kwiyongera, Ingaruka z'urumuri urwo arirwo rwose ruzatsindwa bidatinze. Ahubwo, Harrison avuga ko ikigamijwe ari ukugura igihe mu gihe ibihugu bigabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. ”Biratinze twizera ko dushobora kugabanya vuba ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kugira ngo dukize amabuye ya korali nta gutabara.”
Kugera kuri net-zeru bitarenze 2050 bizakenera ibisubizo bishya kurwego rwisi yose.Muri uru ruhererekane, Wired, ku bufatanye na gahunda ya Rolex Forever Planet, irerekana abantu n’abaturage bakora kugira ngo bakemure bimwe mu bibazo by’ingutu by’ibidukikije. Byakozwe muri ubufatanye na Rolex, ariko ibirimo byose birigenga byigenga.wige byinshi.